When light passes through small openings or around barriers, it can actually interfere with itself - this is called diffraction. Like interference, patterns can result - and these patterns are related to the opening or barrier that caused the diffraction.
Holography is an interference phenomenon, caused by two beams - a reference beam, coming from the laser, and an object beam (which reflected off the object). This interference pattern is burned into the film emulsion of holographic film. It can be reconstructed when light passes through it again.
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